• Current Issue
• • Chin J Dent Res 2025;28(3):163–172; 10.3290/j.cjdr.b6553419
  • Biomimetic Mineralisation – Nature-inspired Strategy for Promising Hard Tissue Regenerative Materials Development
  • Lin Xue ZHANG, Zuo Ying YUAN, Yu Ming ZHAO, Yun Fan ZHANG
  • Biomineralisation is a remarkable biological process in which living organisms exert precise control over the nucleation and growth of inorganic crystalline phases, resulting in the formation of hierarchically structured biocomposites that exhibit exceptional mechanical and functional properties. Since damage to bone and teeth directly affect everyday life, various biomimetic mineralised materials have been engineered for use in biomedical applications. While bioinspired materials typically demonstrate superior mechanical properties and biological functions, significant disparities remain between biomimetic constructs and their natural counterparts, especially concerning mechanical performance and multiscale structural organisation. This review initially describes the dynamic reciprocity between type I collagen fibrils, amorphous calcium phosphate phases and multifunctional non-collagenous protein within mineralisation microenvironments. Furthermore, it evaluates recent progress in advanced biomaterials based on biomimetic mineralisation strategies and seeks to spark innovative and promising solutions for investigators exploring biomineralisation principles in regenerative medicine and hard tissue reconstruction. Existing problems and future directions are discussed.
     
    Keywords: biomineralisation, calcium phosphate, calcium, hard tissue regeneration, noncollagenous proteins
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  • Chin J Dent Res 2025;28(3):173–184; 10.3290/j.cjdr.b6553426
  • Periodontitis-induced Systemic Multi-organ Aging Mediated by the NF-κB Signalling Pathway
  • Sheng Chen LO, Yi Fan WANG, Xu Liang DENG
  • Objective: To investigate the causal role of periodontitis in inducing distal-organ aging and elucidate the mechanism between periodontitis and multi-organ aging by assessing the role of NF-κB signalling in mediating cellular senescence.
    Methods: A ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model was established to systematically examine the expression profiles of senescence markers, including senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) regulatory genes (Il1b, Il6, Mmp13), telomere length, and cellular senescence markers (p16^INK4a, p21^CIP1/WAF1 and β-galactosidase) in peripheral blood, bone marrow, aorta, heart, thymus and uterus. To further clarify the mediating role of the NF-κB signalling pathway in periodontitis-induced multi-organ aging, an intervention study was conducted using the specific NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082.
    Results: The results revealed significantly elevated expression of SASP-related genes in the peripheral blood of periodontitis mice compared to controls (P < 0.01). Various classic molecular hallmarks of aging, such as upregulated expression of SASP genes, shortened telomeres and increased p16 expression, were also observed in multiple distal organs/tissues. Further mechanistic studies revealed that selective inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway significantly attenuated the expression of these aging phenotypic markers (P < 0.01), indicating that this pathway plays a critical role in mediating periodontitis-induced systemic aging.
    Conclusion: This study provides direct experimental evidence that periodontitis can promote systemic multi-organ aging via activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway, establishing a theoretical basis for developing therapeutic interventions.
     
    Keywords: biological aging, NF-κB signalling pathway, periodontitis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)
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  • Chin J Dent Res 2025;28(3):185–195; 10.3290/j.cjdr.b6553436
  • miR-192-5p Inhibits Osteo-/odontogenic Differentiation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Targeting COL5A1
  • Zi Yan SUN, Yi Jie ZHANG, Hao Qing YANG, Hui Na LIU, Dong Mei YANG, Zhi Peng FAN
  • Objective: To investigate the biological function of miR-192-5p in osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).
    Methods: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and western blot analysis were applied to investigate the osteogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs in vitro. The osteogenic capacity was estimated by subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice in vivo. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay was used to examine cell proliferation. Bioinformatics analyses, dual-luciferase reporter assays and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were applied to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-192-5p.
    Results: miR-192-5p decreased the ALP activity, nodule mineralisation and expression of BSP and OCN in DPSCs, and inhibited cell proliferation. Conversely, the miR-192-5p inhibitor motivated the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs both in vitro and in vivo, along with promoting cell proliferation. COL5A1 was recognised as the target gene of miR-192-5p through bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assays and RT-PCR experiments confirmed this interaction. Subsequent research verified that COL5A1 knockdown negatively affects the osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway involved in this process. COL5A1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of DPSCs.
    Conclusion: miR-192-5p suppressed osteo/odontogenic differentiation by targeting COL5A1 in DPSCs and negatively regulated their proliferation. Conversely, COL5A1 knockdown promoted proliferation.
     
    Keywords: cell proliferation, COL5A1, DPSCs, miR-192-5p, osteo-/odontogenic differentiation
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  • Chin J Dent Res 2025;28(3):197–207; 10.3290/j.cjdr.b6553442
  • Association between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases: Results from the 4th National Oral Health Survey in China
  • Ya Lin ZHAN, Jian JIAO, Wu Di JING, Xi Ping FENG, Bao Jun TAI, De Yu HU, Huan Cai LIN, Bo WANG, Chun Xiao WANG, Shu Guo ZHENG, Xue Nan LIU, Wen Sheng RONG, Wei Jian WANG, Xing WANG, Yan SI, Huan Xin MENG
  • Objective: To evaluate the association between systemic diseases and severity of periodontitis based on Chinese epidemiological data.
    Methods: Data of dentate subjects (35- to 44-year-old group, 55- to 64-year-old group, and 65- to 74-year-old group) from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China were analyzed. Selfreport diagnosis of systemic diseases was based on face-to-face interview. Periodontal status was defined by the 2018 classification scheme and periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL).
    Results: The prevalence of systemic diseases, was much higher in subjects with advanced periodontitis but similar in subjects with other periodontal status. The association between systemic diseases and advanced periodontitis is stronger in the younger adult group but weakens with age.
    Conclusion: Periodontitis is a significant associated with systemic diseases, especially hypertension, heart disease, diabetes among Chinese adults based on the data of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China. In view of the worsening health burden of periodontitis, it might be necessary for healthcare providers to be more concerned about prevention and treatment of periodontitis in order to enhance systemic health.
     
    Keywords: epidemiology, periodontitis, systemic diseases
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  • Chin J Dent Res 2025;28(3):209–217; 10.3290/j.cjdr.b6553449
  • Influence of Depth and Choice of Operating Instruments on the Precision of Dynamic Navigation Systems
  • Xiao Xiang HUANG, Ding Xiang YUAN, Ben Xiang HOU
  • Objective: To evaluate the precision and efficiency of dynamic navigation-assisted trephines and fissure drills at varying depths utilising a 3D printed model.
    Methods: A computer-designed in vitro standardised model was 3D printed using photosensitive resin, with hemispherical cavities reserved at depths of 5, 10 and 15 mm from the outer surface of the model. CBCT scans were taken before the procedure, and the data were imported into dynamic navigation software. Navigation paths were planned and executed using a trephine with a diameter of 4 mm and a fissure drill with a diameter of 1.2 mm guided by the dynamic navigation system. Ten procedures were performed at each depth. Postoperative CBCT scans were taken to reconstruct the navigated trajectories, and the platform deviations, end deviations and angular deviations were calculated by comparing the actual paths with the planned paths. The operating time was recorded.
    Results: Under the guidance of the dynamic navigation system, the mean platform, end and angular deviations for trephines were 0.34 ± 0.17 mm, 0.25 ± 0.15 mm and 1.02 ± 0.49 degrees, respectively. For fissure drills, the mean deviations were 0.29 ± 0.13 mm, 0.31 ± 0.18 mm, and 1.33 ± 0.98 degrees, respectively. No significant differences were found with different depths or instrument types (P > 0.05). High-speed handpieces with fissure drills showed superior efficiency to low-speed handpieces with trephines (P < 0.001).
    Conclusion: Dynamic navigation technology achieved good accuracy within a 15-mm depth range. The use of a trephine or fissure drill did not affect the accuracy of the dynamic navigation technique. High-speed handpieces with fissure drills showed superior efficiency.
     
    Keywords: CBCT, computer-assisted, dynamic navigation, 3D printing
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  • Chin J Dent Res 2025;28(3):219–224; 10.3290/j.cjdr.b6553453
  • Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Canalis Sinuosus in Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Normal Controls
  • Maryam PAKNAHAD, Mina ATAZADEH
  • Objective: To compare the prevalence and morphological characteristics of canalis sinuosus (CS) between unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and control groups.
    Methods: The sample consisted of 238 CBCT images (476 sides) from 98 UCLP subjects (196 sides), 36 BCLP subjects (72 sides) and 104 healthy controls (208 sides). Recorded parameters included prevalence of CS, diameter, location of the teeth and adjacent structures. Afterwards, the recorded parameters were compared between the UCLP, BCLP and control groups.
    Results: The prevalence of CS in the control, UCLP and BCLP groups showed significant differences. The BCLP group revealed a significantly lower prevalence of CS than the UCLP and control groups. There was a considerable increase in CS diameter in the CLP groups compared with the control group. The terminal location of CS was in the canine region for the CLP groups and in the lateral incisor region for the control group. CLP had a significant impact on the location of the end of the CS. CEJB (cementoenamel junction buccal) and CEJL (cementoenamel junction lingual) measurements showed significant differences between the CLP cases and control groups.
    Conclusion: Different characteristics was revealed between the control, UCLP and BCLP groups. Assessment of CS in patients with CLP with CBCT images is crucial before performing surgical procedures.
     
    Keywords: canalis sinuosus, CBCT imaging, cleft lip and palate
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  • Chin J Dent Res 2025;28(3):225–229; 10.3290/j.cjdr.b6553458
  • Non-surgical Management of a Facial Sinus Tract Originated from the Maxillary First Molar Periapical Infection: a Case Report
  • Yu Han WANG, Zu Hua WANG, Xiao Yan WANG
  • The diagnosis of a facial sinus tract caused by periapical infection remains difficult due to the wide range of potential aetiologies. The canine is the only maxillary tooth that has been reported to serve as the source of infection for a facial sinus tract. The scenario encountered in the present case was extremely rare as the facial sinus tract was caused by the maxillary molar. The buccal alveolar bone of the maxillary right first molar had been destroyed due to periodontitis and aberrant occlusal force, which caused a periapical abscess in the maxillary right first molar site and ultimately drained extraorally. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the potential for a periapical lesion of the maxillary molar to induce facial sinus tracts and propose a non-surgical therapeutic approach for such cases.
     
    Keywords: facial sinus tract, maxillary first molar, non-surgical management, periapical infection
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